Introduction

Biodiversity, which is short for biological diversity, encompasses the whole variety of life on earth. It includes all species of plants and animals, but also their genetic variation, and the complex ecosystems of which they are part. It is not restricted to rare or threatened species but includes the whole of the natural world from the commonplace to the critically endangered.

The integrity of our biodiversity is one measure of the extent to which we are living sustainably. Within urban areas in particular, biodiversity makes a strong contribution to the development of sustainable communities and to establishing and maintaining urban green space and the built environment.